Hota Essay Topics free essay sample

First, I picked up my date at her parent’s house. She had a nice picnic lunch packed, and we were going to walk to Central Park. The picnic consisted of dry sausage, prosciutto, and a mixture of olives, an assortment of cheeses, some tomatoes in olive oil, and a loaf of Italian bread. It was a long walk to Central Park, but we were hungry, and we knew that once we ate, it would be a relaxing walk back. We had our picnic on a little hill in the park, overlooking a nice pond. All around us, there were trees with their leaves changing colors, and children throwing a ball around. On the walk back, we talked about many things, like life, politics, jobs, business, and what we eventually would want to do with our lives. After that, we talked about what we would like to do later. We decided to stay at her parent’s house for dinner, and then maybe go to a nightclub afterwards. We will write a custom essay sample on Hota Essay Topics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When we got back, I helped her parents set up the table for dinner while she got changed and freshened up. After a nice Italian dinner of broccoli rabe and sausage, some more Italian bread, and a dessert of cannolis and gelato, my date and I decided to go out to a nightclub. We took the New York City subway, and I could have sworn that we saw Henry Ford standing not too far away from us. When we got to the club, The Back Room, we found that it was already quite crowded, and that everybody else was dressed like us. The guys all wore suits and ties, some with hats and some without. The women, however, were a different story. They all wore clothes from the new â€Å"flapper† fashion, but that’s where the similarities stopped. My date was wearing a sleeveless dress that ended just before the knees, shoes and stockings, and she had her hair cut short, was wearing a pearl necklace and carried a purse. We spent most of the night there, smoking and drinking beer out of paper bags and other drinks out of teacups. The police showed up around eleven at night, and that’s when we snuck out and headed home. I dropped her off, said good night to her and her parents, who didn’t suspect a thing, and then proceeded to walk back to my place. Overall, it was a very long, exciting, and entertaining

Free Essays on Through The Darkness.

Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is an inherent driving force to humans, as we, too, are animals. The source of aggression within humans is a long summative list, but before trying to understand its source one must apply a working definition of aggression. Encyclopedia Britannica as any action of an animal that serves to injure an opponent or prey animal or to cause an opponent to retreat defines aggressive behavior. (7) David G. Myers states that aggression is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. (9) There are many types of aggressive behaviors, which can be differentiated from the factual act to the hidden motives. For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended, and physical or mental. Aggression can take numerous forms, the act of hitting a wall to release aggression has some of the same roots as playing football and enjoying hitting the quarterback. A child yelling at his parents could be equ ated, in its aggressiveness, with hitting one’s horn when one is cut off on 495. Aggression is also a relative construct. What might seem like a terribly aggressive act to one person, most often the victim, might seem like an induced response to the perpetrator. (3) Psychologist Arlene Stillwell performed an experiment where she assigned ordinary college students at random to play the role of a victim or a perpetrator in a small incident. Then she asked the students to describe the situation that had just transpired. What she found was that both victims and perpetrators deformed the truth equally to present their sides in a better light. Victims would dwell on their lasting traumas from the incident while the perpetrator might make the act seem like a one-time action provoked by insurmountable circumstances. The resulting implication is that aggression is in the eye of the beholder. (3) Due to its relative nature aggression is extremely hard to isolate and... Free Essays on Through The Darkness. Free Essays on Through The Darkness. Aggression is a critical part of animal existence, which is an inherent driving force to humans, as we, too, are animals. The source of aggression within humans is a long summative list, but before trying to understand its source one must apply a working definition of aggression. Encyclopedia Britannica as any action of an animal that serves to injure an opponent or prey animal or to cause an opponent to retreat defines aggressive behavior. (7) David G. Myers states that aggression is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy. (9) There are many types of aggressive behaviors, which can be differentiated from the factual act to the hidden motives. For example, an aggressive behavior can be negative or positive, accidental or intended, and physical or mental. Aggression can take numerous forms, the act of hitting a wall to release aggression has some of the same roots as playing football and enjoying hitting the quarterback. A child yelling at his parents could be equ ated, in its aggressiveness, with hitting one’s horn when one is cut off on 495. Aggression is also a relative construct. What might seem like a terribly aggressive act to one person, most often the victim, might seem like an induced response to the perpetrator. (3) Psychologist Arlene Stillwell performed an experiment where she assigned ordinary college students at random to play the role of a victim or a perpetrator in a small incident. Then she asked the students to describe the situation that had just transpired. What she found was that both victims and perpetrators deformed the truth equally to present their sides in a better light. Victims would dwell on their lasting traumas from the incident while the perpetrator might make the act seem like a one-time action provoked by insurmountable circumstances. The resulting implication is that aggression is in the eye of the beholder. (3) Due to its relative nature aggression is extremely hard to isolate and...

Why is financial reporting important to small business Essay

Why is financial reporting important to small business - Essay Example The financial reporting involves making a summary of financial information in accordance with accounting standards for the users of such information. Financial reporting involves preparing various financial statements for easier understanding by respective users of such information (American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc. 2013). The three financial statements have different uses to the business and its stakeholders. However small a business entity may be they all require the financial statements namely statement of cash flows, income statement and statement of financial position of the company (Tracy, T &Â  Tracy, J., 2011). These documents are essential to a small business various ways. Statement of cash flows is an essential financial report to a small business because it shows cash inflows and outflows of the business (Revees, 2011). It provides summary information on the balance sheet and income statement so that the users of such information can obtain information about business activities and profitability of the business activities. It gives an overview of how well the business out is carrying out its activities. It shows the solvency of the business. According to Lynch (2000), statement of financial position or balance sheet is a financial statement that demonstrates the financial position of the business at a given time, usually at the end or the trading period. It can be shown in the form of the equation as follows. Assets = Liabilities + owner’s equity. This statement provides the users of such statement with a snapshot of the business resources or assets. Liabilities represent what business owner external financiers while owner’s equity represents what business owes shareholders or individual investor in case of a sole proprietorship. The equation must balance at all times. Therefore, statement of financial statement is essential for the small business because it shows the total worth of the business

Every American should pay the same percentage of taxes. The Rich Essay

Every American should pay the same percentage of taxes. The Rich should not be forced to support the poor and lazy - Essay Example he US income tax structure as either of these have faced the same problem, for albeit it has followed an essentially progressive taxation framework since its inception in that the rich have had to bear larger tax rates compared to the poor, often there have been certain tax cuts or impositions that allegedly go against the principle of progression itself (Folsom, 1999). Apart from this aspect, the assumptions that justify progressive taxation have also been challenged leading to considerable debate that has not limited itself to only politicians or economists. Considerable amounts have been written and spoken about regarding the tax system that should be followed and the structure taxation should assume in the USA. The common layman like the erudite scholar has developed his particular opinion regarding the pattern in which taxes should be levied and the incidences the different economic classes should bear. This lack of consensus is at least partially a result of under-comprehension of the socio-economic aspects that govern the system and this lack of comprehension is evident in the large furore that is the inevitable result of any tax cuts for the upper or the upper-middle class. This non-substantial general comprehension stems from among other things, the fact that the degree of progression has observed remarkable instability and variation in th e US economy. For instance, while in 1954, federal income tax was imposed at different rates ranging from 20% to 91% for 24 different income bracket layers (Internal Revenue Code, 1954) brackets with the tax rates varying from 10% to 35% in 20061. Thus although both these structures were progressive in nature, the changes brought about that reduced the number of brackets as well as the magnitude of the tax rates can be argued to have been regressive, as the maximum tax rate has been reduced from 91 to 35 percentage points and the minimum has been reduced to 10% from 20%. The IRS reports that for the year 2006, the top

Product Cost and Budgetary Control Methodologies and Systems Essay

Product Cost and Budgetary Control Methodologies and Systems - Essay Example The budgetary control systems controls costs through the preparation of budgets, comparing actual performance with the budget. This allows the managers to act upon the budget and results in order to attain maximum profitability (FAO, 2010). Over the last two decades the computer world is changing how companies operate and report. The need to incorporate computerized systems in every business aspects is still ongoing research. Budget information systems and product cost systems are analysed in this report, their benefits and challenges they pose. The product cost and budgetary control methodologies and systems There are two budget control methodologies i.e. the budgets and the budgetary control. The budget is the formal statement that represents the projected financial resources that are needed to undertake business activities. Budgetary control on the other hand is a technique and a tool that is used by management to compare the budget with the actual performance. Any discrepancies a re then acted upon either by revising the budget or exercise control action. The budget information system (BIS) BIS has been in use for the last 25 years having been used for budgetary needs in schools, cities and even countries. BIS integrates all the budget functions into one single application. These functions are capital budgets, human resources, operations, performance measures, reports and producing final budget documents. The system provides all the necessary features for maximizing the efficiency of the budget process. BIS is software that interfaces with the finance, personnel and payroll departments. It then condenses the historical data into database structures. This enhances performance in strategic planning, reporting, document processing, capital planning and improvements. Benefits of BIS The system improves overall performance by enhancing planning process. The system reduces errors hence planning is made easier and effective. The use of BIS accelerates the speed wit h which comparison of data is undertaken. It enables accurate tracking of costs in the system. The system quickens the budget preparation process hence few hours are spent in this process. Use of the BIS lowers the number of personnel needed for database management. To implement BIS in an organisation, there is need for training the involved staff. This is enhanced through videos materials, online sites, documents that come with the softwares and use of experts. The system can be customized to meet the individualized needs of a company i.e. application process, reports format and document processing. Different computer softwares are used for the BIS depending on the manufacturing company. However aspects of budgeting can be incorporated in one single software or broken down into budget softwares separately, control aspects, comparison parts etc. It is highly recommended for the company to incorporate the single application software of BIS. It may be expensive and complicated but wit h enough training and customer support from the producing company, the system is easy to use. The product cost is defined as the cost of direct labour, direct materials and direct overheads utilized in the production process. These costs are incorporated in the budget process and actual results compare for any variances. The product cost system sets out the process for accounting for the organisation’s product costs for the purpose of producing information

Bioinformatics Analysis of DGAT1 Gene in Domestic Ruminnants

Bioinformatics Analysis of DGAT1 Gene in Domestic Ruminnants SIROUS EIDIVANDI Abstract Diacylglycerol-O-acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene encodes diacylglyceroltransferase enzyme that playsan important role in glycerol lipid metabolism. DGAT1 is considered to be the key enzyme in controlling the synthesis of triglycerides in adipocytes. This enzyme catalyzes the final step of triglyceride synthesis (transform triacylglycerol (DAG) into triacylglycerol (TAG). A total of 20 DGAT1 (8,9 Exones) gene sequences belonging to 5 species include cattle (Bos Taurus and BosIndicus), Goats, Sheep and Buffalo were analyzed, and the differentiation within and among the species was also studied. The length of the Exone 8 and Exone 9 respectively were 75bp and 64bp (total: 139bp). Observed genetic diversity was higher among species than within species, and Bos Taurus had more polymorphisms than any other species. Novel amino acid variation sites were detected within several species which might be used to illustrate the functional variation. Differentiation of the DGAT1 gene was obvious among species, and the clustering result was consistent with the taxonomy in the National Center for Biotechnology Information. Keywords: DGAT1gene, Bioinformatic, Ruminnants Introduction Bioinformatics has become an important part of many areas of biology. In experimental molecular biology, bioinformatics techniques such as image and  signal processing  allow extraction of useful results from large amounts of raw data. In the field of genetics and genomics, it aids in sequencing and annotating genomes and therefore we can observe polymorphic sites, Gene Expressions,Similarities and differences between and within gene sequences in the varies Species and etc. on the other hands gene mapping research has led to the discovery of many polymorphic sites throughout the Ruminants genome that can serve as genetic markers for selection in breeding schemes (Jing-Fen K.et al., 2008). Diacylglycerolacyltransferases (DGATs) are involved in the process of catalyzation of the final step of the triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis (Hatzopoulos et al., 2011). This enzyme has been found to be encoded by two genes (DGAT1 and DGAT2 ), of which the most studied and important one reavealed to be DGAT1 . This gene is responsible for the codification of the protein related to DGATs activity (Cases et al., 2001). In bovine, this gene is located on the centromeric end of the bovine chromosome 14 (BTA14), harboring the QTL with a large impact on milk production traits (Grisart et al.,2002; Winter et al., 2002). DGAT1is a microsomal enzyme catalyzing the addition of fatty acyl Co A to 1, 2, diacylglycerol to yield CoA plus triglycerol and is important in lipogenesis in many tissues, including mammary gland (Kuhnet al.1998). DGAT1 gene is considered to be a very strong positional candidate gene for fat percent of milk. Kaupeet al., 2004 reported the frequency of this substitution in various cattle breeds and grouped them from very low frequency to fixation inBosindicuscattle breeds. DGAT1 gene is considered to be a very strong positional candidate gene for fat percent of milk. Kaupeet al. [2004] studied Polymorphism of this gene in Bostaurus and Bosindicus breeds. They claimed that K allele of DGAT1 gene is a wild type and the A allele substitution probably occurred after the divergence of Bostaurus and Bosindicus (Kaupeet al., 2004). Recently, many studies showed a significant association between polymorphism of this gene and milk production traits (Grisartet al., 2002; Kharrati Koopaeiet al., 2012; Ripoli MV et al., 2006). There is a general consensus in the literature that the alanine to lysine amino acid change (K232A) in exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene is associated with reduced milk production (Spelman et al ., 2002; Thaller et al ., 2003a; Banos et al., 2008), Materials and Methods A total of 20 sequences with Exons of the DGAT 1 gene and the amino acid sequences belonging to 5 species were obtained from GenBank (Table 1). All the sequences were aligned using the Clustal Omega program implemented in EMBL-EBI service. DnaSP (version 5.1) software was used to analyze the haplotype diversity (Hd), the average number of nucleotide differences (Tajima 1983), the  nucleotide diversity (p), synonymous nucleotide diversity (ps), nonsynonymousnucleotide diversity (pa) with the Jukes and Cantor correction, the polymorphic site(S), the singleton variable sites (SP), and the parsimony informative sites (PIP) for each species, and the average number of nucleotide substitutions per site between species (Dxy) (Lynch and Crease, 1990). The phylogenetic tree among 5 species based on the D xy was constructed using the unweight pair group method with the arithmetic mean (UPGMA) implemented in Mega 6 software. Table 1: DGAT1 gene, Exons 8 and 9 sequences of 5 species Results and Discussion DGAT1 gene, Exon 8, The Exon sequence of 8 has 75bp in domestic ruminants. We used 6,4,4,4 and 2 sequences of the exon respectively in BosTaurus, Bosindicus, Bubalusbubalis, Ovisaries and Capra hircus(table 1). DnaSP (version 5.1) software was used to analysis of them. The haplotype diversity (Hd) within the sequences of sheep, goat and buffalo was 0, because there wasn’t any polymorphism in these sequences. The haplotype diversity (Hd) within the sequences of bostaurus and bosindicus were shown respectively, 0.733 and 0.5 with 3 and 2 polymorphic sites. DGAT1 gene, Exon 9, The Exon sequence of 9 has 64bp in domestic ruminants.The haplotype diversity (Hd) within the sequences of goatbostaurus and bosindicus was 0 but the haplotype diversity (Hd) within the sequences of sheep and Buffalo was 0.5 with 2 polymorphic sites. Polymorphism and Genetic Diversity among Species The alignment of 20 sequences of 8 and 9 exons within the region of 139bp and containing gapswas carried out using BioEdit. The results of DnaSP analysis indicated that theselected region (1–140) of the 20 sequences from different species have 139sites, excluding sites with gaps (2). There are 134 invariable (monomorphic) sites and 4 variable (polymorphic) sites that include 3 singleton variable sites and 1 parsimonyinformative sites.The nucleotide diversity (p = 0.00885) and the average number  of nucleotide differences ( K = 1.221) for all sequences are lower than the highest values in bostaurus (p = 0.01014 ,K = 1.4). The polymorphic information and haplotype diversity of the DGAT1 gene (8 and 9Exons) for each species are listed in Table 2. Table 2: Genetic diversity of the DGAT1gene(8 and 9Exons) in 5 species h, Number of haplotypes; H d, haplotype diversity; K, average number of nucleotide differences; Ï€, Nucleotide diversityÏ€s, synonymous nucleotide diversity; Ï€a, nonsynonymous nucleotide diversity; S, Number of polymorphic sites; SP, singleton variable sites; PIP, parsimony informative sites. The most variable sites (3), singleton variable sites (2), and average number of nucleotide differences (1.4) were found in bostaurus, whichshowed that bostaurus had the highest genetic diversity. Usually, more genetic diversity is most useful for natural selection. The higher genetic diversity of the DGAT1 gene in bostaurus might be related to its extensive adaptability and survival for a polyembryonic animal (Jing-Fen K.et al., 2008). Amino Acid Variation and Genetic Effects Higher polymorphism was observed among species than within species, after the 20complete amino acid sequences were aligned using the Clustal Omega program implemented in BioEdit software. The stop codons in thesequences of the exon 8, 9in Ovisaries, Capra hircus, bosindicus and Bubalus bubalisare onlyUGA but in bos Taurus there are UGA and UAA.Also the exons of bos Taurus had CAC that code histidine and this codone was shown in the other species. The differences between Bos Taurus and the other species in this study maybe related to difference effects of the DGAT 1 gene one the milk production traits. There is a general consensus in the literature that the alanine to lysine amino acid change (K232A) in exon 8 of the DGAT1 gene is associated with reduced milk production (Spelman et al, 2002; Thaller et al, 2003a; Banos et al, 2008), DNA Divergence and Clustering Analysis The average number of nucleotide substitutions per site (Dxy) of the DGAT1 gene between species is shown in Table3. Dxyis the index of DNA divergence between or among the sequences. The larger D xy has the smaller the genetic distance. Based on Dxy, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for all the species using the UPGMA method (Fig.1). The divergence time among different species was also labeled on the scale bar calculated from the average nonsynonymous nucleotide rate(0.85 9 10 – 9per year, Li and Dan1991). The dendrogram of different species based on the differentiation of the DGAT1gene agreed with the taxonomy of NCBI. The smallest D xy(0.0000) and divergence showed the closest relationship between Sheep and Goat, which basically accords with that of Yang and Yoder ( 2003) and Wildman et al. (2003). The largest D xy(0.0146) and divergence time displayed the earliest differentiation between BosTaurus and Buffalo, Sheep and Goat, with the average value of 0.0087 for all speci es(Table 3, Fig1). Table 3: Average nucleotide substitution per site(Dxy) Fig. 1 Phylogenetic tree of the DGAT1(8,9 Exone)gene among 5 species References Banos, G., Woolliams, J.A., Woodward, B.W., Forbes,A.B. and Coffey, M.P. (2008) Impact of singlenucleotide polymorphisms in Leptin, LeptinReceptor, Growth Hormone Receptor, andDiacylglycerolAcyltransferase (DGAT1) geneloci on milk production, feed, and body energytraits of UK dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science91: 3190–3200. Cases S, Smith SJ, Zheng YW, Myers HM, Lear SR, Sande E, Novak S, Collins C, Welch CB, Lusis AJ,et al.(1998) Identification of a gene encoding an acyl CoA:diacylglycerolacyltransferase, a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis. ProcNatlAcadSci USA 95:13018-13023 Cases S, Stone SJ, Zhou P, Yen E, Tow B, Lardizabal KD, Voelker T, Farese RV (2001). Cloning of DGAT2, a second mammalian diacylglycerolacyltransferase and related family members. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276:38870–38876. Grisart B, Coppieters W, Farnir F, Karim L, Ford C, Berzi P, Cambisano N, Mni M, Reid S, Simon P, Spelman R, Georges M, Snell R. .( 2002) Positional candidate cloning of a QTL in dairy cattle: Identification of a missense mutation in the bovine DGAT1 gene with major effect on milk yield and composition.Genome Research.12, 222-231. Grisart B, Farnir F, Karim L, Cambisano N, Kim J, Kvasz A, Mni M, Simori P, Frere J, Coppieters W,et al.(2004) Genetic and functional confirmation of the causality of the DGAT1 K232A quantitative trait nucleotide in affecting milk yield and composition. ProcNatlAcadSci USA 101:2308-2403 Jing-Fen K., Xiang-Long L., Rong-Yan Z., Lan-Hui L., Fu-Jun F. and Xiu-Li G.(2008)Bioinformatics Analysis of Lactoferrin Gene for SeveralSpecies.Biochem Genet 46:312–322 Kaupe B, Winter A, Fries R and Erhardt G (2004) DGAT1 polymorphism inBosIndicusandBostauruscattle breeds. J Dairy Res 71:182-187. KharratiKoopaei H, Mohammad Abadi MR, Ansari Mahyari S, EsmailizadehKoshkoiyeh A,Tarang AR, Potki P. (2012) Effect of DGAT1 variants on milk composition traits in Iranian Holstein cattlepopulation. Animal Science Papers and Reports. 3, 231-239. Kuhn CH, Thaller G, Winter A, Bininda-Emonds O, Kaupe B, Erhardt G, Bennewitz J, Schwerin M and Fries R (2004) Evidence for multiple alleles at the DGAT1 locus better explains a quantitative trait locus with major effect on milk fat content in cattle. Genetics 167:1873-1881. Ripoli MV, Corva P, Giovambattita G. (2006) Analysis of a polymorphism in the DGAT1 gene in 14 cattlebreeds through PCR-SSCP methods. Research Veterinary Science. 80, 287-290 Smith SJ, Cases S, Jensen DR, Chen HC, Sande E, Tow B, Sanan DA, Raber J, Eckel RH and FareseJr RV (2000) Obesity resistance and multiple mechanisms of triglyceride synthesis in mice lacking Dgat. Nat Genet 25:87-90. Spelman RJ, Ford CA, McElhinney P, Gregory GC and Snell RG (2002) Characterization of the DGAT1 gene in the New Zealand dairy population. J Dairy Sci 85:3514-3517. Tajima F (1983) Evolutionary relationship of DNA sequences in finite populations. Genetics 105:  437–460 Thaller G, Kuhn C, Winter A, Ewlad G, Bellmann O, Wegner J, Zuhlke H and Fries R (2003) DGAT1, a new positional and functional candidate gene for intramuscular fat deposition in cattle. Anim Genet 34:354-357. Winter A, Kramer W, Werner F, Kollers S, Kata S, Durstewitz G, Buitkamp J, Womack W, Thaller G and Fries R (2002) Association of a lysine-232/alanine polymorphism in a bovine gene encoding acyl-CoA:diacylglycerolacyltransferase (DGAT1) with variation at a quantitative trait locus for milk fat content. ProcNatlAcadSci USA 99:9300-9305.

Holes Essays -- essays research papers

Stanley Yelnats has a history of being in the wrong place and the wrong time. He was even wrongly accused of stealing a pair of old sneakers that was owned by a baseball player. He was sent to a juvenile correction center, Camp Green Lake. On Camp Green Lake there is nothing green and no lake, there are also no metal bars, electric fences, and no guard towers, all there is are a few cabins and tents in the middle of nowhere. If the campers tried to run they would be â€Å"buzzard food†. Each day every camper has to dig a hole that is five feet in all directions and five feet deep. The Warden says its to build character, but really it is because the Warden is secretly searching for something. Stanley’s family has an interesting history through the generations. His family’s bad luck started all...

Liberated and society Essay

Some products portrayed women as the traditional housewife like ‘Shake ‘n’ vac’ does with their commercial. However the house used was fairly modern for the time as it had huge windows, which for the time were very modern and the furniture was better than the average shown in television programmes of the time, signifying a middle class house. However the woman in the advert is not middle class but she is portrayed as working class. The woman is portrayed as enjoying doing the housework and when the person purchases the product they too can enjoy doing the housework. During the period of the advert women were portrayed as being able to have a job but the majority were still in the house unemployed and cooking and cleaning. However throughout the large part of the twentieth century women were campaigning to be liberated and society did not agree with this at all. The liberation began in the early part of the twentieth century after the First World War between Christmas 1914 and 1918. The big push came in the nineteen sixties and women started to appear more in advertisements like in the Fairy Liquid advert in the mid-sixties. Women being liberated started a huge difference in the amount of advertising containing women. The graph below shows what happened to women in advertising and as you can see the amount of adverts which contain women steadily goes up.  From about the nineteen eighties onwards women were used as sex objects more unlike previously. For example Lucky Strike used a woman as an upperclass role model, something the men wanted to have and something the women wanted to be. However companies like Milk Tray use women in a more sensual and seductive way. For example when the lady walks out of the shower in a dressing gown whilst drying her hair and finds the box of Milk Tray on her dressing table. As opposed to the Oxo advert in the early nineteen eighties which showed the traditional Mother serving her husband and then later on feeding a whole family. Oxo’s adverts on television have always been long term campaigns, which started off with ‘Katie’ which lasted for eighteen years and then moved onto a family after surveys had been carried out. In the nineties women were used as sex objects to appeal to the male population for the majority of the time unless the product was obviously aimed at women. For example Wonder Bra used a woman to advertise their product however the advertisement may have also captured a small male audience because of the visual aspect of the advert. This is the same for the Round the clock panty hoses, which was unveiled in the late eighties. Many adverts made in the nineteen nineties recognised a niche in marketing when creating their adverts for their campaign, which was aimed at the male population. For example if an advertising campaign were to be aiming at men then they may appeal to their sexual weakness. This is what H(agen-Dazs has done, they have used a good-looking male to appeal to the women and they have used a good-looking female who happens not to be wearing much. The advert also has the hidden meaning of the product being a seductive ice cream. At present day there are many adverts on television usually aged between twenty to on average about thirty-five and also some adverts. Like the direct line car insurance advert for example, which used an over 40, middle class woman because it was the same age range as the advert was targeting. The majority of the adverts which use women without much on are normally found in magazines, which helps the producers to target their audience more effectively, also they have a fair idea of which age range may see them if in magazines instead of on the television. However this is not always the case because some companies may use channels on Sky or Digital which people have to pay for to watch, which again allows the advertisers much more accuracy in who they are targeting. Throughout the last century women in advertising has changed dramatically as well as the way in which advertising occurs through our daily routines. This is a change, which most probably will not stop. Women started off in the beginning of the century as being icons in which men aspired to have and who women aspired to be. Women then changed along with societies opinions and as wars were fought not just abroad but equality for women as well. This liberation led to women appearing more frequently in advertising and appearing more in the work place than they may have done twenty years before. I feel that women in advertising is a good thing because society is equal and therefore women are just as likely to purchase goods as much as men.

Free Essays on The Patriot

â€Å"The Patriot† starts in South Carolina in 1776. The movie is a family’s story about what they went through during the American Revolution. Mel Gibson stars as Benjamin who was a hero at Fort Wilderness during the French and Indian War, and a widower with seven children. Benjamin is part of the assembly in South Carolina. Benjamin is a respected man in the south because of the role he played in the battle at Fort Wilderness. In the beginning of the movie Benjamin tells his family they are going to Charleston because the South Carolina assembly is meeting there. While they are in Charleston they stay with their aunt Charlotte. Gabriel, Benjamin’s oldest son, decides to sign up with the militia to fight against the British for independence. Benjamin gets angry and they return home. A few moths later Gabriel writes his younger brother Thomas and tells him what is going on in the war. In Gabriel’s letter he writes about the fall of Charlestown to the British under command of Lord Cornwallis. Gabriel says that the north is also not doing well due to starvation and low moral. Gabriel ends his letter saying he is about to march south to fight the â€Å"red coats.† One night Gabriel shows up at the house wounded, while the â€Å"red coats† and â€Å"rebels† are fighting very near their home. Once the battle is over and the day breaks there are wounded British soldiers and Be njamin’s family helps them. One Lieutenant in the British army finds a letter that was to go to the American troops. Gabriele was carrying this letter. The Lieutenant asks where it came from and Gabriele steps up and says that it was he, and that the family was only caring for him because he was wounded. The Lieutenant figures out that Gabriele is Benjamin’s son; he then tells his men to tie him up and take him away. Thomas the second oldest sees this and gets scared. He tries to push the British soldiers away that are holding Gabriel and the lieutenant shoots ... Free Essays on The Patriot Free Essays on The Patriot â€Å"The Patriot† starts in South Carolina in 1776. The movie is a family’s story about what they went through during the American Revolution. Mel Gibson stars as Benjamin who was a hero at Fort Wilderness during the French and Indian War, and a widower with seven children. Benjamin is part of the assembly in South Carolina. Benjamin is a respected man in the south because of the role he played in the battle at Fort Wilderness. In the beginning of the movie Benjamin tells his family they are going to Charleston because the South Carolina assembly is meeting there. While they are in Charleston they stay with their aunt Charlotte. Gabriel, Benjamin’s oldest son, decides to sign up with the militia to fight against the British for independence. Benjamin gets angry and they return home. A few moths later Gabriel writes his younger brother Thomas and tells him what is going on in the war. In Gabriel’s letter he writes about the fall of Charlestown to the British under command of Lord Cornwallis. Gabriel says that the north is also not doing well due to starvation and low moral. Gabriel ends his letter saying he is about to march south to fight the â€Å"red coats.† One night Gabriel shows up at the house wounded, while the â€Å"red coats† and â€Å"rebels† are fighting very near their home. Once the battle is over and the day breaks there are wounded British soldiers and Be njamin’s family helps them. One Lieutenant in the British army finds a letter that was to go to the American troops. Gabriele was carrying this letter. The Lieutenant asks where it came from and Gabriele steps up and says that it was he, and that the family was only caring for him because he was wounded. The Lieutenant figures out that Gabriele is Benjamin’s son; he then tells his men to tie him up and take him away. Thomas the second oldest sees this and gets scared. He tries to push the British soldiers away that are holding Gabriel and the lieutenant shoots ...

Free Essays on The Iroqouis

are directly related but are not interchangeable. The Iroquois Confederacy (or "League of the Iroquois" according to the whites) was thought to have been founded in the 1500’s by the great Mohawk chief, Hiawatha. The confederacy was first made up of five tribes, the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca. This gave them the dubbed name of Five Nations. In 1722, the Tuscarora were added to the confederacy and they were then known and the Six Nations. The Five Nations occupied an area in the present day New York, just south of Lake Ontario. The Five Nations numbered about 5,500 native Americans in their confederacy. In order to organize the affairs of the Nations the "Great Binding Law" was created. The "Great Binding Law" was the confederacy’s constitution. According to one website (ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html) the confederacy is one of the oldest democracies in the world. The confederacy was thought to be a democracy because, although each tribe wa... Free Essays on The Iroqouis Free Essays on The Iroqouis Iroquois According to the New Webster’s Dictionary the definition of civilization is "a making or becoming civilized; the state of being civilized; the sum or qualities of a particular civilized society" and the definition of culture is "the social and religious structures and intellectual and artistic manifestations etc. that characterize a society." I find these definitions to be easily arguable. The only common word in those two definitions is society, but they are in no way related. I find the two words to be connected but not interchangeable. If I was to write the definitions, I would make the two words more closely related. My definition of civilization would be a community of people who settled in an area whom has also developed a common culture. My definition of culture would be the way a certain society acted and the rituals they performed (i.e. religion, holidays that are observed, language, literature, etc.). Therefore the two words are directly related but are not intercha ngeable. The Iroquois Confederacy (or "League of the Iroquois" according to the whites) was thought to have been founded in the 1500’s by the great Mohawk chief, Hiawatha. The confederacy was first made up of five tribes, the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca. This gave them the dubbed name of Five Nations. In 1722, the Tuscarora were added to the confederacy and they were then known and the Six Nations. The Five Nations occupied an area in the present day New York, just south of Lake Ontario. The Five Nations numbered about 5,500 native Americans in their confederacy. In order to organize the affairs of the Nations the "Great Binding Law" was created. The "Great Binding Law" was the confederacy’s constitution. According to one website (ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html) the confederacy is one of the oldest democracies in the world. The confederacy was thought to be a democracy because, although each tribe wa...

Enrichment Report ( marketing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enrichment Report ( marketing) - Essay Example This journal contains original, peer-reviewed briefings on the practical problems and available solutions in the field of consumer behavior marketing. The aim of this journal is to support and assist in the understanding of consumer behavior for its readers and share the latest research and applications related to this field. The JCB publishes double-blind peer-reviewed and high quality theoretical and pragmatic research (derived from experiment and observation). This is one of the best features of this journal. It has a foundation in the social sciences and has a diverse and multidisciplinary view point which looks for sharing information related to consumer behavior. (Wiley::Journal of Consumer Behaviour) The JCB also showcases alternative, modern and contested representations of consumer behavior along with the latest developments that have been taking place in established traditions of consumer research. Being an international journal, the JCB offers the latest thinking, new developments and cutting-edge techniques in all aspects of consumer behavior in an international forum. Since the editorial perspective of this journal is international, it does not reflect the interests of any specific country. The research that the JCB communicates is in a forum that includes case studies, research reports and forecasting trends as well as articles. The articles are reviewed by international experts on the Editorial Board, emphasizing on the latest applied research and theoretical thinking in the field. The journal includes: 2. Cutting-edge Practice Papers: These papers explore the key international issues facing practitioners today and presenting case studies which are relevant. They also illustrate contemporary application techniques and forecasting reviews. 3. Book reviews: These reviews summarize content and assess the relevance, and each of these submissions is again

Loyalty and its role in customer relationship management 02222 Essay

Loyalty and its role in customer relationship management 02222 - Essay Example This severely reduces the customer retention of the firm. Therefore maintaining the loyalty of the customers is imperative to organizational success. The companies are constantly seeking out for new ways to retain their existing customers. This paper is based on the study of customer relationship and how it is important in maintaining the customer loyalty. The consumer behaviour can be explained as the response that the consumers express under certain circumstances. These circumstances are often on the grounds of introduction of new products or services, post purchase behaviour and gradual change in the consumption patter of the society. These factors are always studies by the marketers so that they can provide the proper value addition for the consumers (Allentuck, 2007). The loyal of a customer towards a brand is mostly dependent on hid post purchase behaviour, which is turn is related to the buying process of the customer. The buying process of the customers can be divided into stages like need recognition, information search, evaluating alternatives, finalizing the purchase, post purchase behaviour. Among these four stages the post purchase behaviour determines whether or not the customer will remain loyal to the company. Customer loyalty can be described by the customer’s tendency to voluntarily make repeated purchase from one particular company. Anderson and Kerr (2008) stated that customer loyalty is proportional to their satisfaction level; more satisfied a customer is, the more likely he is to make a repeat purchase. The satisfaction of a customer can be assessed by the following five dimensions, which are cognitive, affective, conative, situational and social norms (Anderson and Kerr, 2009). The level of cognition suggests the level of relevancy between the customers’ needs or preferences and the offered products or services. The Affective dimension indicates how the customer